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ead them out of poverty。 Across South America; governments chose state control as the way to modernize。 The apparent success of munist countries like the Soviet Union and China seemed to show the way。
旁白:印度成为新兴对立国家经济发展的典范。在发展中国家,社会主义、计划、政府控制、规章和所有权都成为真理。在整个非洲,人们都指望社会主义领导他们摆脱贫困。南非政府选择国家控制作为实现现代化的方式。共产主义国家-例如苏联和中国-取得的明显成功似乎证实了这一方式。
Chapter 11: Chicago Against The Tide '7:32'
第十一章:芝加哥逆流
Onscreen title: Chicago; 1950
字幕标题:芝加哥,1950年
NARRATOR: By 1950; Hayek's market economics were so pletely out of fashion that when he sought a full…time academic job in the United States; only one university was willing to hire him。
旁白:到1950年为止,哈耶克的市场经济学已经完全不流行了,当时他正在美国谋求全职的学术工作,结果只有一个大学愿意聘用他。
SAM PELTZMAN; Professor; University of Chicago: Chicago has always been an exceptional place; out of the mainstream。 Chicago is geographically isolated。 This affects Chicago's intellectual influence in many more areas than economics。
SAM PELTZMAN,芝加哥大学教授:芝加哥一直都是一个特殊的地方,置身于主流之外。芝加哥的地理位置孤立,这影响了它在包括经济学在内的许多领域中的影响。
NARRATOR: The University of Chicago's intellectual influence would grow。 Eight professors and another 11 economists from Chicago went on to win Nobel Prizes。 Gary Becker is one of them。
旁白:芝加哥大学的学术影响将不断增强。八位教授和其他十一位来自芝加哥大学的经济学家获得了诺贝尔奖。加里?贝克尔就是其中之一。
GARY BECKER; Professor of Economics; University of Chicago: When I came as a graduate student to Chicago 1951; I was flabbergasted by how stimulating the atmosphere was。 I had been a very good student at Princeton。 My first day in Friedman's class he raised a question。 I answered。 He said; ";That's no answer; that's just rephrasing the question。"; That was the example of how blunt people were。
加里。贝克尔,芝加哥大学经济学教授:1951年我到芝加哥大学念研究生的时候,这里活跃的气氛令我大吃一惊。在普林斯顿我是一个
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