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he capitalist system; became the only model for the vast majority of the world。
哈佛大学教授杰裴里。萨克斯(Jeffrey Sachs):所发生的一些事情就是一场资本主义革命,到20世纪末,市场经济和资本主义制度成为了世界绝大多数国家所采用的唯一模式。
NARRATOR: The world changed its mind。 In the Soviet Union and its satellites; in the emerging markets of Asia; and in the state…dominated economies of Latin America; governments everywhere moved away from state control and towards free markets。
旁白:世界变了,在苏联及跟随苏联的一些卫星国,在亚洲的新兴市场国家,在拉丁美洲的一些政府主导经济的国家,各地的政府都开始从政府控制转向了自由市场。
DANIEL YERGIN; Author; manding Heights: This free…market revolution has really led to the new global economy。 It excites some and terrifies others。
《制高点》(manding Heights)的作者丹尼尔。尤金(Daniel Yergin):这场自由市场革命确实导致了新的全球经济。对此,一些人感到兴奋,另一些人则感到恐惧。
NARRATOR: That revolution was wrenching。 Tonight on manding Heights: The Agony of Reform。
旁白:那场革命是痛苦的。今晚《制高点》(manding Heights)将讲述:改革的痛苦
Chapter 2: The Ghosts of Norilsk '4:27'
第二章: 诺里尔斯克幽灵
NARRATOR: Much of the world once modeled itself on the Soviet Union。 Here; Lenin's revolution industrialized a backward country within a single generation。 The Soviet system; ruthless and centrally planned; gave birth to vast industrial plexes like Norilsk。
旁白:世界大部分国家曾经一度蜂拥学习苏联的模式,在苏联,列宁的革命在一代人的时间里把一个落后的国家带上了工业化道路。极端中央计划的苏联体制,导致了像诺里尔斯克(Norilsk)这样的综合工业区的出现。
DANIEL YERGIN: Norilsk symbolized every stage of Soviet economic history; from the original prison camp and the beginnings of Soviet industrialization right up to the collapse of the economy in the 1990s。 So much of its history had been tied up with the fact that it was a prison camp。 Even in the early 1950s; 100;000 political prisoners were working in its mines and factories。
丹尼尔。尤金(Daniel Yergin):诺里尔斯克(Norilsk)反映了整个苏联经济发展史的每一个阶段,从最初
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