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动组织就抱怨海外的廉价劳动力。例如:他们就曾指着这家中国的工厂。那里的工人生产曾在美国生产的自行车,每天的报酬只有5个美元。

THEA LEE: Our workers are in direct petition to workers overseas。 We can't control whether every single job stays in the United States or not; but it's another thing to lose jobs to workers who are not represented by independent trade unions。 And so that changes the nature of petition that American workers face。

THEA LEE:我们的工人与海外的工人处于直接的竞争当中。我们无法控制每一个单独的工作能否都被留在美国境内, 但是,工作被那些没有参加独立的工会组织的工人所得到,是另一回事。所以,这就改变了美国工人所面临的竞争的性质。

NARRATOR: Countries that opened their markets saw their overall wealth and living standards increase; yet the politics of trade were less straightforward than the economics。

旁白:那些开放了本国市场的国家看到了它们整体的财富及生活水平提高了,但是,贸易的政治学是没有经济学这么直截了当的。

LAWRENCE SUMMERS: It's always difficult to sell open markets。 There's a basic cost of open markets。 Whether it's somebody losing a job particularly or very obvious; the benefits are much less clear。 Who said on Christmas day; "Gosh; thanks …… without open markets I would have been only able to buy half as many toys for my kid"? Or whoever says; "You know; I'm not that great a worker; but they really had no choice to promote me given the surge and export demand"? On the other hand; every job loss that can be remotely connected to international trade; people do。 So this problem of invisible beneficiaries and visible losers is one that bedevils the political economy of trade。

萨莫斯:要推销开放市场总是很困难的。开放市场有一个基本的成本。无论是某个人丢了一份工作或是很明显,收益远没有损失那么清楚。谁在圣诞节时会说:“上帝啊,谢谢——如果没有开放的市场,我只能给我的孩子买今天一半的玩具。”?或者,谁会说:“你知道,我并不是那么好的一个工人,可是它们因为经济的快速增长和出口需求增加,实在没有其他选择而只有提拔我了。”?而另一方面,每一个丢掉的工作,只要能把它与国际贸易联系起来,人们就会这样做。因此,看不见的受益者和看得见的失败者就把贸易的政治经济给妖魔化了。

THEA LEE: The truth is that the business munity has very good access to the internati

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