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at history was on their side; and in less than 30 years; not only Russia; but Eastern Europe; China …… more than a third of humanity …… would be living according to the economic tenets of Marxist Leninism。
旁白:不到一年列宁就去世了。在列宁的葬礼上,悼念者们坚信他们是顺应历史潮流的。在不到三十年的时间里,不仅俄国,还有东欧和中国-占人类总数的三分之一还要多-都实行了社会主义,按照马克思列宁主义的经济原理来发展经济。
Lenin's successor would tighten the munist Party's iron grip on the manding heights of the economy。 Joseph Stalin introduced central planning。 Under him; the munist Party planned and managed every aspect of the economy。 While munism seemed to be forging ahead; capitalism looked to be doomed。
列宁的继任者加强了在经济制高点行业的铁腕统治。斯大林引入了中央计划。在他的领导下,共产党为经济生活的每个方面编制计划并进行管理。社会似乎正在向共产主义社会迈进,而资本主义看起来注定要灭亡了。
。 想看书来
Chapter 4: A Capitalist Collapse '8:48'
第四章:资本主义的崩溃
Onscreen title: Vienna; 1923
字幕标题:维也纳,1923年
NARRATOR: Germany and Austria were living with the economic consequences of the peace。 Forced to pay unbearable war reparations; the defeated governments simply printed more money。 The result: inflation; more inflation; hyperinflation。 It took a basket full of paper money to go shopping。
旁白:德国和奥地利为和平付出了经济上的代价:战败了的政府完全依靠印刷更多的钞票来支付难以承受的战争赔款,结果造成通货膨胀,更严重的通货膨胀,直到恶性通货膨胀。德国居民购物要带上整整一篮子纸币。
KARL OTTO POHL; President; German Central Bank; 1980…1991: You saw people carrying their money on wheels because you had to pay for a piece of bread billions of reichmarks。
KARL OTTO POHL,1980-1991年德国中央银行总裁:你看到人们用车子来运钞票,因为他们不得不花数十亿德国马克莱买一片面包。
NARRATOR: Hayek; who was working at a statistical research institute; needed 200 pay raises in eight months。 Money was cheaper than wallpaper。 Million…mark notes lit stoves。 Shoes that cost 12 marks in 1913 sold for 32 trillion marks in 1923。 In Hitler's favorite beer keller
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