第11部分(第5/6 页)

ciation　of　mutual　advantage。　Here　is　a　portion　of　Aristotle’s　classic　discussion。

As　the　motives　to　Friendship　differ　in　kind；　so　do　the　respective　feelings　and　Friendships。　The　species　then　of　Friendship　are　three；　in　number　equal　to　the　objects　of　it；　since　in　the　line　of　each　there　may　be　“mutual　affection　mutually　known。”

Now　they　who　have　Friendship　for　one　another　desire　one　another’s　good　according　to　the　motive　of　their　Friendship；　accordingly　they　whose　motive　is　utility　have　no　Friendship　for　one　another　really；　but　only　insofar　as　some　good　arises　to　them　from　one　another。

And　they　whose　motive　is　pleasure　are　in　like　case：　I　mean，they　have　Friendship　for　men　of　easy　pleasantry；　not　because　they　are　of　a　given　character　but　because　they　are　pleasant　to　themselves。　So　then　they　whose　motive　to　Friendship　is　utility　love　their　friends　for　what　is　good　to　themselves；　they　whose　motive　is　pleasure　do　so　for　what　is　pleasurable　to　themselves；　that　is　to　say；　not　insofar　as　the　friend　beloved　is　but　insofar　as　he　is　useful　or　pleasurable。　These　Friendships　then　are　a　matter　of　result：　since　the　object　is　not　beloved　in　that　he　is　the　man　he　is　but　in　that　he　furnishes　advantage　or　pleasure　as　the　case　may　be。

Such　Friendships　are　of　course　very　liable　to　dissolution　if　the　parties　do　not　continue　alike：　I　mean；　that　the　others　cease　to　have　any　Friendship　for　them　when　they　are　no　longer　pleasurable　or　useful。　Now　it　is　the　nature　of　utility　not　to　be　permanent　but　constantly　varying：　so；　of　course；　when　the　motive　which　made　them　friends　is　vanished；　the　Friendship　likewise　dissolves；　since　it　existed　only　relatively　to　those　circumstances。。。

That　then　is　perfect　Friendship　which　subsists　between　those　who　are　good　and　whose　simi