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 deficit was covered only with the help of the oil prices。 And the extra money made it possible to claim that they were successful。 And they were deceiving the world。

奥列格。戈德尔维斯基(Oleg Gordievsky):共产党政府报告说经济在增长,然而这不是事实,苏联经济开始全面下滑,巨额赤字只有靠石油的价格勉强维系,而得益于石油价格多出来的钱使得他们可以宣称他们是成功的。他们在欺骗整个世界。

NARRATOR: Soviet satellites circled the world; and nuclear submarines prowled the oceans。 But after seven decades of munism; the real story of the Soviet economy was one of empty shelves and a standard of living that was a fraction of Western Europe's。

旁白:苏联的社会主义兄弟国家遍布全球,其核潜艇在各大洋游弋。但是在实行了70年的共产主义之后,苏联经济的真实故事呈现在人们面前,到处是空货架,人们的生活水平远低于西欧国家。

GRIGORY YAVLINSKY; Economic Reformer: Soviet economy was neither nor。 It was not a Stalinist economy anymore; but it was not a market economy; so it was no water; no fire。 It was a mess。

经济改革家格里格利。叶维林斯基(Grigory Yavlinsky):苏联经济是两不象,既不再是斯大林主义的经济,也更谈不上市场经济,不是水,也不是火,一团糟。

NARRATOR: An independent…minded young economist; Grigory Yavlinsky; wrote a report on why workers in state mines were so unproductive。

旁白:一位年轻的中立派经济学家,格里格利。叶维林斯基(Grigory Yavlinsky),撰写了一份报告,研究了为什么在国有矿山中,工人们如此没有效率。

GRIGORY YAVLINSKY: The people don't want to work。 The people have no incentives。 The economy inside which the people have no incentives have no future。 So you can do two things: Take a gun and put this gun to his head like it was at the Stalin's time; or you have to give him incentives; because he wants to improve the life of his family; and he can't。

格里格利?叶维林斯基(Grigory Yavlinsky):人们没有任何激励,不愿意工作。在一个经济体系中,如果人们得不到有效的激励,那么这个经济体系就是没有前途的,所以你们只能做两件事:要么拿起枪架在人们脑袋上逼他们劳动,就像斯大林时代那样,要么给他们激励,因为他们想提高其家庭的生活水平而又不能。

NARRATOR: Factory managers at Norilsk could see the economy was not working; because the workers were not working。

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